回答僅供參考：
①Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinker's health, personal relationships, and social standing.
It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness. Long-term alcohol abuse can cause a number of physical symptoms, includingliver failure,heart disease, nutritional deficiencies and can eventually be fatal. Other physical effects include an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer. Damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from sustained alcohol consumption. A wide range of immunologic defects can result and there may be a generalized skeletal fragility, in addition to a recognized tendency to accidental injury, resulting a propensity to bone fractures.
Women develop long-term complications of alcohol dependence more rapidly than do men. Additionally, women have a higher mortality rate from alcoholism than men and an increased risk of breast cancer. Additionally, heavy drinking over time has been found to have a negative effect on reproductive functioning in women.
In addition, the social problems arising from alcoholism are serious, caused by the pathological changes in the brain and the intoxicating effects of alcohol. Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of committing criminal offences, including child abuse, domestic violence. Alcoholism is associated with loss of employment, which can lead to financial problems. Drinking at inappropriate times, and behavior caused by reduced judgment, can lead to legal consequences, such as criminal charges for drunk drivingor public disorder and may even lead to a criminal sentence.
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Good afternoon, everyone, I’m Scofield. Today, I will talk to you about the effects of smoking.
Smoking is an important problem in our lives. And it has many effects. Let me just talk about
four aspects to you. Firstly,Smoking has bad effects on people’s health. Secondly,smoking
seriously pollutes the air of our environment. Thirdly,smoking wastes large amount of energy. Fourthly, smoking is a cause of fire.（Can i pace during my presentation?）The biggest effect of smoking is the health problem. It can cause some dreadful diseases
such as cancer, heart diseases, and lung diseases.According to World Health Organization,
people who smoke 30 cigarettes per day have greater risks than non-smoker. Next, it’s second-hand smoke.When many people are child; their grandfather, father, may
smoke in front of them
unconsciously, and then children breathe in the air which is bad for
their health. What’s more, when industry produce cigarette, they consume a large number of
energies,however, it does not bring benefit to people, and so it just waste energy.
According to Boëëthius, the papermaking industry wastesmuch energy, and each
production 100,000 tons of cigarette paper would produce 6.424 million tons of sewage
discharge.
The last topic is bushfires.In people’s daily life, most of them always throw butts after
smoking regardless of the surroundingenvironment, so, it is very easy to cause
bushfires.According to
United Nations Environment Programme,
in Sweden, there was 159,000
bushfires eventscaused by butts in 2007 killed1418 people and wounded 863 people.
How important to reduce the amount of smoking!
In conclusion,smoking is not good for our health, our environment, and our limited
energy. What’s more, it can cause fire. So government should reduce the amount of
cigarette industry to promote the quality of people's life,and we should try our best to
reduce the amount of smoking.
And this time,
I’ll take any questions from you.
OK, thank you for listening