因?yàn)?A^k = E 所以 A可逆,即A的特征根非零.
如果A不可對(duì)角化,根據(jù)亞當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型,存在 兩個(gè)非零向量 x1,x2,及一個(gè)非零特征根a,使得:
Ax2 = a x2,Ax1 = ax1 + x2.
則:
A^2x1 = A(ax1 + x2) = a^2 x1 + 2ax2
A^3x1 = A(a^2x1 + 2ax2) = a^3 x1 + 3a^2 x2
.
A^k x1 = A(a^(k-1)x1 + (k-1)a^(k-2)x2) = a^k x1 + ka^(k-1)x2
A^k = E ==> A^k x1 = x1,===> ka^(k-1) = 0,矛盾!
所以A可以對(duì)角化,即A相似于對(duì)角矩陣
設(shè)A是n階方陣,若有正整數(shù)k,使得A^k=E,證明A相似于對(duì)角矩陣
設(shè)A是n階方陣,若有正整數(shù)k,使得A^k=E,證明A相似于對(duì)角矩陣
數(shù)學(xué)人氣:418 ℃時(shí)間:2020-04-25 04:31:36
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